Cephalopoda
Ammonitida
Superfamily Stephanoceratoidea
Family Stephanoceratidae: Evolute, planulate, ribbed, with tubercles and branching ribs.
Family Otoitidae: Evolute, strong primary ribs that bifurcate, with subdued tubercles.
Family Kosmoceratidae: Round whorled, mesovolute (Kepplerites) to evolute (Kosmoceras), with branching ribs
Family Sphaeroceratidae: Sphaerocones and cadicones (very wide and squat); involute and highly inflated inner whorls. Ribs persist to end of growth. Dimorphs differ only in size.
Family Cardioceratidae: Commonly dimorphic. Wide variation in shell inflation.
Superfamily Spiroceratoidea
Family Spiroceratidae: Openly coiled, becoming loosely curved or straight, strongly ribbed.
Superfamily Perisphinctoidea
Family Perisphinctidae: Evolute and planulate, with ribbing that splits towards venter, not keeled.
Belemnitida